Repair wiki
Fix your e-bike or scooter yourself
Free help written by riders and repair techs. Start with what's wrong, try the safe checks, and we'll tell you when it's time to stop and get a pro.
What's wrong?
Troubleshooting by symptom, from the easiest checks to the ones that need a pro.
- Battery dies fast or range droppedYour e-bike used to go further on a charge. How to tell normal wear and riding conditions from a battery or charger problem.
- Battery won't chargeThe charger light doesn't change or the battery won't go up. Safe checks on the charger, the outlet and the port, and when to stop.
- Clicking, grinding or squeaking noisesWhere e-bike noises usually come from: the chain and gears, the brakes, loose bolts, the cranks and bearings, or the motor.
- Display blank, flickering or frozenThe handlebar display won't show anything, flickers or freezes. Usually a plug, the battery, water or the display itself.
- Display works but no pedal assistThe display turns on, but the motor doesn't help when you pedal. Check the assist level, the speed sensor and the brake cut-offs.
- E-bike error codes: what they mean and what to try firstYour e-bike display shows an error code. Here's how to read it, the safe things to try yourself, and where to find your system's official code list.
- E-bike or scooter won't turn onNothing happens when you press the power button. Work through the battery, the key and the plugs before assuming the worst.
- Motor cuts out or power comes and goesThe motor stops helping on and off, over bumps or on hills. Usually a loose connection, a brake sensor, heat or a tired battery.
- My e-bike or scooter got wetRode through heavy rain or a deep puddle, or washed it with a hose? What to do now, and the signs that water got in.
- Throttle not workingThe thumb or twist throttle doesn't move the bike or scooter. Simple checks before the throttle or controller gets replaced.
By brand and motor system
Fixes for specific bikes, boards, scooters and drive systems, with the official manuals and repair videos.
- Apollo Go: E7 error, a motor won't respond or feels lockedOn the Apollo Go, E7 is a motor fault, which Apollo links to the motor hall sensor or overheating. Run Motor Detection in the Apollo app first, then check the motor cable, then a shop finds whether the motor or controller is at fault.
- Apollo scooter troubleshooting: error codes, flats, brakes and stem checksSafe checks for Apollo electric scooters, from power and charging problems to E1 to E7 codes, tubeless flats, brakes, folding mechanism wobble, rain and the City 2024 recall.
- Aventon e-bike troubleshooting: common problems and safe checksSafe, step by step checks for common Aventon e-bike problems, from a bike that won't turn on to charging trouble, motor cut outs and error codes, plus when to hand it to a pro.
- Aventon Level.2, Pace, Sinch and Aventure: battery won't charge in the cold, or W04 on the displayAn Aventon battery that won't charge after cold storage, or shows W04, is usually blocked by low temperature protection. Warm it to between 32 and 104°F, wait two hours, and try again.
- Aventon Level.2, Pace, Sinch and Aventure: error 21 or W03, motor cuts out on long climbsAn Aventon that shuts off with error 21 or W03 on a long climb is usually the controller protecting itself from too much current or heat. Rest the bike, lower assist, and only suspect parts if it returns on easy rides.
- Aventon Level.2, Pace, Sinch and Aventure: error 23 or 24, motor phase or hall faultCodes 23 and 24 on Aventon hub drive bikes mean a motor phase or hall fault. Reseat and inspect the rear motor cable first, then contact Aventon about the cable, controller or motor.
- Aventon Level.2, Pace, Sinch and Aventure: error 25, motor won't engage or cuts out without brakingError 25 on an Aventon hub drive bike is the brake cut-off sensor. Restart without touching the levers, check the plugs, then follow Aventon's sensor adjustment or replace the lever.
- Aventon Level.2, Pace, Sinch and Aventure: error 30, display and controller not communicatingError 30 on an Aventon hub drive bike means the display and controller aren't talking. Reseat the battery and display plugs and check the harness, then contact Aventon about the display, harness or controller.
- Aventon Level.2, Pace, Sinch and Aventure: error codesThe codes Aventon's manuals list for the Level.2, Pace 350 and 500, Sinch and Aventure, 21 to 30, what each means and what to do.
- Aventon Level.2: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the Aventon Level.2: 27.5 x 2.1 tires and Schrader tubes, hydraulic brakes, torque sensor, 48V 14Ah battery and 48V 3A charger, with Aventon's tube and controller pages.
- Aventon Pace 500.3: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the Aventon Pace 500.3: 27.5 x 2.10 tires and Schrader tubes, torque sensor, 48V 614 Wh battery, 48V 3A charger and the model-specific controller SKU, with Aventon's part pages.
- Aventon Sinch.2: bike speeds up on its own (official recall and free fix)A Sinch.2 that accelerates unexpectedly may be covered by an official CPSC and Aventon recall. Stop riding it and have an authorized dealer install the free controller software update.
- Bafang BBS01, BBS02 and BBSHD: replacement controller and display optionsReplacing a dead display or controller on a Bafang BBS mid-drive kit: how to tell UART from CAN bus, which replacement displays and controllers match, and what to set afterwards.
- Bafang mid drive and hub motor troubleshooting and error codesSafe checks for e-bikes and conversion kits with Bafang mid drives or hub motors, including BBS kits: what the display codes mean as Bafang states them, connector and speed sensor checks, and when a shop is needed.
- Begode electric unicycle troubleshooting: app, alarms, calibration and battery safetySafe checks for Begode (Gotway) electric unicycles from Begode's app guide and after sales page: what alarms and tilt back mean, calibration, firmware, battery warning signs, tires and the CPSC recall.
- Bosch eBike troubleshooting: smart system and earlier Bosch systemsSafe checks for bikes with a Bosch drive, from power and charging problems to error codes on Purion, Intuvia, Kiox and Nyon displays, plus when a Bosch dealer's DiagnosticTool is needed.
- Cannondale e-bike troubleshooting: Neo model checks, care and where to get helpSafe checks for Cannondale Neo e-bikes, which drive system your model uses, Cannondale's own charging and washing advice, recalls, warranty and dealer service.
- Electric unicycle troubleshooting for InMotion, King Song and BegodeSafe checks for InMotion, King Song and Begode electric unicycles: what alarms and tiltback mean, charging and battery safety, official firmware updates, tire care and when to get a pro.
- ENGWE e-bike troubleshooting: common problems, error codes and safe checksSafe checks for common ENGWE e-bike problems, from a bike that won't start or charge to short range and brake care, plus L20 error codes, official repair videos and when to get a pro.
- Evolve electric skateboard troubleshooting: remote, power, charging, belts and bearingsSafe checks for Evolve electric skateboards from Evolve's own help center: pairing the Phaze remote, a board that won't power on or charge, belts, bearings, bushings and water.
- Fazua troubleshooting: Ride 60, Ride 50 and EvationSafe checks for Fazua drives: Ride 60 LED Hub light codes, speed sensor gap, app pairing, charging and storage, firmware updates with the Toolbox, and when to see a Fazua dealer.
- Fiido e-bike troubleshooting: E1 to E6 codes, charging and safe checksSafe checks for common Fiido e-bike problems, from a dead display or battery that won't charge to assist cutting out and brake noise, plus E1 to E6 codes and when to get a pro.
- Giant SyncDrive and RideControl troubleshootingSafe checks for Giant e-bikes with SyncDrive motors and RideControl remotes: Giant's quick troubleshooting steps, Ergo and Go event codes, charging and storage, and when an authorized Giant dealer is needed.
- Gotrax G3, G4, GMAX and GMAX Ultra: error 4 motor signal failure or error 6 motor blockingGotrax lists error 4 as a motor signal failure and error 6 as motor blocking on the G3, G4, GMAX and GMAX Ultra. Rule out a jammed wheel and a damaged motor cable; Gotrax's fixes are a new motor, or a controller plus motor.
- Gotrax G4 and XR Elite: 22E handlebar error on the displayGotrax lists 22E as a handlebar failure on the XR Elite and in its G4 guide. Check the throttle, brake and controller connections behind the handlebar panel; if they're fine, Gotrax's fix is a new console.
- Gotrax GXL V2: E1 communication failure on the displayGotrax lists E1 as a communication failure on the GXL V2, Vibe and Apex. Its first fix is cleaning the console to battery connector with a soft cloth; if E1 stays, the fix is a new console.
- Gotrax scooter troubleshooting: flats, error codes and common fixesSafe checks for Gotrax scooters like the G4, GXL V2, Apex and XR, with official error codes by model, tire pressure, brake adjustment and tire change videos.
- Heybike Cityrun, Tyson, Ranger S and Mars 2.0: error 25, bike won't accelerateError 25 on a Heybike Cityrun, Tyson, Ranger S or Mars 2.0 is a brake signal fault that blocks the motor. Check that both levers fully return, then find which lever's cut-off sensor is stuck, following Heybike's steps.
- Heybike e-bike troubleshooting: common problems, error codes and safe checksSafe checks for common Heybike e-bike problems, from a bike that won't turn on or charge to motor cut outs, brake noise and display error codes, plus when to hand it to Heybike support or a pro.
- Heybike Mars, Ranger, Cityscape, Cityrun, Tyson and more: error 23 or 24, motor jerks or won't pullError 23 (motor phase loss) or 24 (hall sensor signal) on a Heybike usually means a loose or damaged motor cable or plug. Heybike says to check the motor wire and its controller connection first, then replace the motor.
- Heybike Mars, Ranger, Cityscape, Cityrun, Tyson and more: error 30 on the displayError 30 on a Heybike means the display is not getting correct data from the controller, so the bike won't accelerate. Start with the display, main cable and controller plugs, then follow Heybike's order: PAS sensor, controller, main cable or display.
- Heybike Mars, Ranger, Cityscape, Cityrun, Tyson and more: error codesThe codes Heybike lists for its e-bikes, 21 to 25 and 30, which models each applies to, what it means and the first safe check.
- Hiboy S2, S2 Pro and KS4: display to controller communication error (E3, or E1 on the S2 Lite)Hiboy lists E3 as a display to controller communication problem on the S2 family and KS4, and E1 on the S2 Lite. Check the cable through the stem, then replace parts in Hiboy's order: cable, display, controller.
- Hiboy S2, S2 Pro and KS4: E5 low voltage error or the battery won't chargeHiboy lists E5 as low voltage protection on the S2 family, KS4 and S2 Lite. Charge fully with a working charger first; if E5 stays after a full charge, Hiboy's fix is a new battery, a shop job.
- Hiboy S2, S2 Pro and KS4: throttle error on the display (E2, or E7 on the S2 Lite)Hiboy lists E2 as a throttle error on the S2 family and KS4, and E7 as the throttle error on the S2 Lite. Rule out a stuck lever and an applied brake, then replace the throttle, a plug-in Hiboy part.
- Hiboy S2, S2 Pro, KS4 and S2 Lite: motor hall error on the display (E7, or E2 on the S2 Lite)Hiboy lists E7 as a motor hall error on the S2 family and KS4, and E2 as the hall sensor error on the S2 Lite. Check the hall plug and motor cable first; Hiboy's fix after that is a new motor wheel.
- Hiboy S2, S2 Pro, S2 Max, KS4 and S2 Lite: error codesThe codes Hiboy lists for the S2, S2R, S2 Pro, S2 Max, KS4, KS4 Pro, S2R Plus and Max Pro, plus the S2 Lite's different list, with what each means and the first check.
- Hiboy scooter troubleshooting: won't turn on, charging, brakes and error codesSafe checks for Hiboy electric scooters like the S2, S2 Pro and S2 Lite, from power and charging problems to brake adjustment, stem wobble, rain and model specific E1 to E9 error codes.
- Himiway e-bike troubleshooting: error codes 22 to 30, charging and safe checksSafe checks for common Himiway e-bike problems, from a battery that won't charge to error codes 22, 24, 25 and 30, plus battery care and when to involve Himiway support or a shop.
- Himiway Zebra and Cruiser: error 24 motor hall defect, motor stopsError 24 on a Himiway Zebra or Cruiser points to the motor's hall sensor circuit. Himiway's first step is to unplug and reconnect the motor wire near the hub; if the code stays, after-sales helps replace the motor.
- Himiway Zebra and Cruiser: error 25, brake failed or brake applied while turning onError 25 on a Himiway Zebra or Cruiser means the controller sees a brake signal, often from squeezing a lever at power on or a stuck cut-off switch. Power on hands off, then unplug each lever in turn to find the faulty side.
- Himiway Zebra and Cruiser: error 30 abnormal communication on the displayError 30 on a Himiway Zebra or Cruiser means the display and controller have lost communication. Himiway's own test unplugs each accessory in turn to find whether the controller, motor or one plug-in part is the cause.
- Hover-1 scooter troubleshooting: kick start, charging, error codes and the Dynamo recallSafe checks for Hover-1 electric scooters like the Alpha and Journey, from kick starting and charging to E1 to E9 codes, brakes, tires, water damage and the 2024 Dynamo brake recall.
- Hub motor e-bike troubleshooting: direct-drive and geared hubsSafe checks for e-bikes with a hub motor in the wheel: motor cutting out, stuttering, loose axles and torque arms, flats on the motor wheel, hub noises and common error codes, plus what needs a shop.
- Juiced Bikes troubleshooting: common problems, error codes and safe checksSafe checks for common Juiced e-bike problems, from no throttle or assist to charging trouble, plus Scrambler and Advanced Matrix Display error codes and when to hand it to a pro.
- Juiced CrossCurrent X and RipCurrent S: error 4 or 5, throttle fault at startupOn a Juiced CrossCurrent X or RipCurrent S, error 4 means the throttle wasn't at rest when the bike started, and error 5 means the throttle or its cable may be damaged. Power on hands off, check the throttle returns, then check its cable.
- Juiced CrossCurrent X and RipCurrent S: error 8 or 9, motor hall or phase faultOn a Juiced CrossCurrent X or RipCurrent S, error 8 means a motor hall sensor wire is disconnected or damaged, and error 9 means a motor phase wire is. Check the rear hub motor cable and its plug before suspecting the motor.
- Juiced CrossCurrent X and RipCurrent S: error codesThe codes Juiced lists for the Advanced Matrix Display on the CrossCurrent X and RipCurrent S, 4 to 30, what each means and the first safe check.
- Juiced Scrambler HT and FS: charger light stays red and never turns greenOn a Juiced Scrambler HT or FS, a charger light that stays red after a full charge time may mean the battery pack is defective, according to the manual. Rule out a short charge time, the outlet and the cord first, then contact Juiced.
- Lectric eBikes troubleshooting: common problems and safe checksSafe checks for common Lectric eBikes problems, including a bike that won't power on, E007 and E008 errors, noisy brakes and battery care, plus when to get a pro.
- Lectric XP 1.0 and XP 3.0: E008 on the display means different thingsE008 on a Lectric XP is a throttle fault in the original XP manual but a display communication fault in the XP 3.0 manual. Check the right quick plug for your model first.
- Lectric XP 3.0, XP Lite and XPedition: charger light stays red or never lightsIf your Lectric charger light never turns on, check the cord and outlet. If it stays red and never turns green, Lectric's manuals say the battery pack may be defective. Here is what to check safely.
- Lectric XP 3.0: mechanical disc brakes losing stopping powerSome Lectric XP 3.0 bikes sold from late 2022 to May 2023 have recalled mechanical brake calipers that can lose braking power. Check the recall first, then do normal brake checks.
- Lectric XP 3.0: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the Lectric XP 3.0: 20 x 3 tires and tubes, Type B or Type D pads by brake type, the hydraulic upgrade kit, 180 mm rotors, 7-speed freewheel, charger and batteries, with Lectric's prices.
- Lectric XP, XP Lite and XPedition: E007 motor fault on the displayE007 on a Lectric display is a motor fault. Start with the motor quick plug near the right side of the rear axle, then the controller connections, and know when it is a cable, motor or controller job.
- Lectric XP, XP Lite and XPedition: won't turn on, display stays blankA Lectric that won't power on usually needs a charge, the battery key turned on, or the display quick plug reseated. Here are Lectric's own steps, in order, and when to call support.
- Lectric XP4, XPeak 2 and XP Trike 2: E003 pedal assist sensor faultE003 on the XP4, XPeak 2 and XP Trike 2 is a PAS sensor fault. Check the PAS quick plug first, then the sensor and magnet ring at the crank, before replacing the sensor.
- Lectric XP4, XPeak 2 and XP Trike 2: E006 battery undervoltage, bike stops helpingE006 on the XP4, XPeak 2 and XP Trike 2 means battery undervoltage. Lectric's fix is a full charge. If E006 returns soon after charging, check the charger light, because a light that stays red can mean a worn battery.
- Lectric XP4, XPeak 2 and XP Trike 2: E010 or E011 display communication failureE010 and E011 on the XP4, XPeak 2 and XP Trike 2 mean the display isn't receiving from or sending to the controller. Lectric's fix is the display quick plug, then a shop for the display or controller.
- Lectric XP4, XPeak 2 and XP Trike 2: error codesThe codes Lectric lists for the XP4, XPeak 2.0 and XP Trike 2: E003 to E011 and HOT, what each means and which quick plug to check first.
- NIU KQi scooter troubleshooting: dark dashboard, charging, brakes and error codesSafe checks for NIU KQi kick scooters, from a dark dashboard and charger tests to brake tension, 45 to 50 psi tires, stem wobble, E-Save mode and error codes 02, 03, 41 and 42.
- NIU KQi scooters: battery won't charge, charger light red or offNIU's test: plug the charger into the wall without the scooter. Green means the charger has power. Red or no light means the charger is likely damaged. Clean the charge port first.
- NIU KQi scooters: error 02 on the dashboard (brake fault)Error 02 on a NIU KQi dashboard is a brake fault. NIU's fix is to check that the left and right brake lever wiring is plugged in firmly, then contact after-sales.
- NIU KQi scooters: error 03 or the thumb throttle does nothingError 03 is NIU's accelerator fault, usually a loose thumb throttle plug. If there is no code, check activation and custom mode in the app. A motor that stalls points to the controller.
- NIU KQi scooters: error 41 after storage (battery over-discharge) and error 42Error 41 shows when a KQi was left uncharged for weeks or months, and NIU's fix is to charge it straight away. Error 42 is a battery communication fault that goes to NIU after-sales if it stays.
- NIU KQi scooters: won't turn on or the dashboard stays darkA KQi that won't power on, especially the first time, often has one of the two cables in the stem unplugged, NIU says. A shifted or stuck power button is the other easy cause.
- NIU KQi3 Pro, Max and Sport: disc brake squeals or rubsDisc brake noise on a KQi3 is common at first, NIU says. Its fix is to check the disc, loosen the two caliper screws, squeeze the brake to center the pads, and retighten to 4.5 Nm.
- NIU KQi3 Pro, Max and Sport: flat tire or tire keeps losing airThe KQi3 uses tubeless 9.5 x 2.5 tires. NIU's answer to a puncture is a new tire, fitted by you or a service partner, kept at 45 to 50 psi.
- Onewheel dead controller: factory repair or a VESC-based conversionWhen a Onewheel controller dies: Future Motion's factory repair first, then an overview of a VESC-based controller conversion, what it replaces, and why it's a job for established builders.
- Onewheel GT, Pint and XR: board won't engage, one side of the lightbar stays whiteYou press both halves of the front footpad but one side of the lightbar stays white and the motor won't engage. Onewheel lists stance, shoes, dirt, cold, new or damaged pads and a loose footpad connection as the causes.
- Onewheel GT, Pint and XR: error 6 or 11 and a stuttering motorError 6, error 11 on the GT, or a stutter or strange noise from the motor can mean the motor cable is not communicating properly. Onewheel's fix is a power cycle, then reseating the motor cable, then factory service.
- Onewheel Pint and Pint X: error 15 at power on (footpad engagement error)The lightbar or power button blinks 15 times and the board won't ride. Onewheel ties error 15 to the front footpad: a hand on the pad at power on, dirt, a damaged sensor, or sometimes a board fault.
- Onewheel riding safety: pushback, Haptic Buzz, firmware updates and the 2023 recallWhat Onewheel pushback and Haptic Buzz mean, why never to defeat them, how to update firmware in the official app, and how to check your board against the 2023 CPSC recall.
- Onewheel tire change and maintenance guideRoutine Onewheel care: official tire pressure by model, signs a tire is worn, how a tire change works and who should do it, bearings, footpad and rail care.
- Onewheel troubleshooting: won't turn on, won't charge, footpad, errors and noisesSafe, step-by-step checks for common Onewheel problems on the GT, Pint, XR and more, with official error codes, videos and when to get a pro.
- Onewheel: firmware update won't show up or keeps failingThe app never offers the update, or it starts and fails. Onewheel's fixes: update the app, keep the phone close, start near 50 percent battery, and forget and reconnect the board.
- Onewheel: lightbar or power button blinks and the board won't ride (codes 3, 4 and 16)A blinking lightbar or power button is an error code. Count the blinks: Onewheel lists 3 as battery over 100 percent, 4 as a bad start up position and 16 as usually harmless, and gives a fix for each.
- Onewheel: won't power on or charge, charger light stays greenThe board is dead and the charger light stays green when you plug it in. Onewheel's steps: test the outlet and charger, try its plug in sequence, rule out cold and water, then send the board in.
- Pedego e-bike troubleshooting: power, battery sleep, charging, recalls and serviceSafe checks for Pedego e-bikes from Pedego's own manual: how each model powers on, waking a sleeping battery, charger lights, the cable and trike recalls, and how warranty and dealer service work.
- Rad LCD display bikes dead controller or display: replacement optionsFor the RadCity 3 and 4, RadRover 5, RadWagon 4 and RadMini 4: Rad's own display and controller first, an Area 13 harness, and which aftermarket kits are outside this guide.
- Rad Power Bikes battery and charger guideHow to charge a Rad Power Bikes battery, what the charger and battery lights mean, what to check when it won't charge, how to store it, and when to stop using it, from Rad's official guides.
- Rad Power Bikes error codes by displayWhat Rad Power Bikes error codes mean on the Color Display, Rad UI remote and display, and older LCD and LED displays, using only codes from Rad's official support pages, with safe checks for each.
- Rad Power Bikes RadCity 3, RadCity 4 and RadCity Step-Thru 3: error 30 on the LCD displayRad calls error 30 on the RadCity 3, RadCity 4 and Step-Thru 3 a communication error. Its fix is a connector check: battery, display and the harness plug inside the downtube, then an unplug test for the other parts.
- Rad Power Bikes RadCity 5 Plus: error 30 or won't power onOn the 2021 RadCity 5 Plus, an error code on the Rad UI or a bike that won't turn on usually traces to a connector that vibrated loose. Rad's guide walks from the display plugs to the harness and battery connectors.
- Rad Power Bikes RadCity 5 Plus: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the RadCity 5 Plus: 27.5 x 2.0 tires and tubes, hydraulic brakes with 180 mm rotors, 7-speed freewheel, LCD display, semi-integrated battery and charger, with Rad's part links and prices.
- Rad Power Bikes RadCity and RadMini with the LCD display: error codesThe codes Rad lists for its LCD display on the RadCity (2016 to 2020, including RadCity 3, 4 and Step-Thru) and the RadMini, including the RadMini 4, with the first safe check for each.
- Rad Power Bikes RadExpand 5: parts and specsReplacement parts for the RadExpand 5 folding bike from Rad's own listings: 20 x 4 tires and Schrader tubes, Tektro pads and levers, LED display and LCD upgrade, charger, battery and lights, with prices.
- Rad Power Bikes RadMini 4: error 30 on the LCD displayError 30 on a RadMini 4 calls for Rad's RadMini connector check: battery, display and harness plugs first, then unplug the motor, lights, brakes, throttle and PAS one at a time to find the faulty part.
- Rad Power Bikes RadMission: error codes on the LED displayHow the RadMission's LED display flashes its pedal assist lights to show a fault, what each pattern means in Rad's guides, and the first safe check.
- Rad Power Bikes RadMission: pedal assist level 2 light flashing, motor won't run (error 24)On Rad's LED display, a flashing level 2 light is error 24, which Rad says often means a motor hall fault. Check the motor connector at the left chainstay, run Rad's wheel test, then send results to Rad.
- Rad Power Bikes RadMission: won't power on, or all pedal assist lights flash (error 30)On the RadMission's LED display, error 30 shows as all pedal assist lights flashing, or the bike won't power on. Rad's fix is a connector check, then an unplug test to find a failed part.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRover 5: error 30 or won't turn onError 30 on a RadRover 5 is a communication fault, usually from a loose or dirty connector. Rad's guide checks the battery, display and harness plugs first, then unplugs each accessory to find the culprit.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRover 6 Plus: error 30 on the display or the bike won't power onOn the RadRover 6 Plus, Rad treats error 30 and a bike that won't power on as a connector problem. Check the display and main harness plugs first, then unplug parts one at a time to find the one causing it.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRover 6 Plus: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the RadRover 6 Plus fat tire bike: 26 x 4 tires and tubes, hydraulic brakes, semi-integrated battery, charger and lights, with Rad's part links and prices.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRunner 1 and RadRunner 2: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the RadRunner 1 and 2: 20 x 3.3 tires, Schrader tubes, Tektro mechanical brakes with 180 mm rotors, the LED display, controller, charger and battery, with Rad's part links and prices.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRunner 1, 2 and Plus: error 24 or assist level 2 flashingOn RadRunner models, error 24 on the LCD or a flashing assist level 2 on the LED display points to a motor hall fault. Check the motor connector on the left chain stay, run Rad's throttle and rollback tests, then call support.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRunner 1, 2, Plus and RadExpand 5: error 30 or all assist lights flashingError 30 on a RadRunner or RadExpand 5 is a communication error, usually a connector that has worked loose. Follow Rad's connector check order, from the display plug to the harness inside the down tube.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRunner 1, 2, Plus and RadExpand 5: error codesHow the LED display on the RadRunner 1, RadRunner 2, RadRunner Plus and RadExpand 5 shows a fault with flashing assist lights, what each pattern means, and the first safe check.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRunner 3 Plus and RadTrike (Rad UI): error codesHow the Rad UI remote and display show error codes on the RadRunner 3 Plus and RadTrike, how to read the bars, what each code means, and the first safe check.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRunner 3 Plus: error 30 on the RadUI displayA RadRunner 3 Plus showing error 30 or refusing to power on usually has a loose or dirty connector. Rad's 2023 guide checks the RadUI plugs first, then the junction box, battery and each accessory one at a time.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRunner 3 Plus: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the RadRunner 3 Plus: Kenda K905 20 x 3.3 tires, Tektro HD-E350 hydraulic brakes with 180 mm rotors, 7-speed freewheel, semi-integrated battery and charger, with Rad's part links and prices.
- Rad Power Bikes RadRunner Plus: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the first RadRunner Plus: 20 x 3.3 Kenda K-Rad tires, Tektro Aries mechanical brakes with 180 mm rotors, 7-speed freewheel, LCD display, charger and battery, with Rad's part links and prices.
- Rad Power Bikes Radster, RadWagon 5 and RadExpand 5 Plus: error 21 or 23 after climbing hillsError 21 or 23 on Rad's color display after a long climb or heavy load usually means the system got too hot or drew abnormal current. Let it cool, then check the motor connector, and call support if it happens on flat ground.
- Rad Power Bikes Radster, RadWagon 5 and RadExpand 5 Plus: error 24 on the color displayError 24 on Rad's color display means a motor hall fault, a lost link between the motor and controller. Start at the motor connector on the chain stay, then know when it is a cable, motor or controller job.
- Rad Power Bikes Radster, RadWagon 5 and RadExpand 5 Plus: error 30 on the color displayError 30 on Rad's color display is a controller to display communication error. On the Radster, RadWagon 5 and RadExpand 5 Plus, check the six front harness plugs, then the controller plugs.
- Rad Power Bikes Radster, RadWagon 5 and RadExpand 5 Plus: error codesEvery code Rad lists for its color display bikes, the Radster Road, Radster Trail, RadWagon 5 and RadExpand 5 Plus, with what each means and the first safe check.
- Rad Power Bikes RadTrike: error 30 or battery light flashing with a full batteryOn the RadTrike, error 30 can show as a single flashing battery bar that looks like a low battery warning. If the battery is charged, treat it as a connection fault and follow Rad's connector check.
- Rad Power Bikes RadWagon 4: error 30 on the displayError 30 on a RadWagon 4 is handled with Rad's RadWagon connector check: battery, handlebar and seat tube plugs first, then unplug the motor, lights, brakes, throttle and PAS one at a time.
- Rad Power Bikes RadWagon 4: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the RadWagon 4 cargo bike: 22 x 3 tires and tubes, the tire recall check, Tektro Aries mechanical brakes with 180 mm rotors, 7-speed freewheel, charger and battery, with Rad's part links and prices.
- Rad Power Bikes RadWagon 4: tire keeps going flat or blows outRepeated flats or blowouts on a RadWagon 4 sold from 2020 to 2022 may be the recalled rim strips and ribbed sidewall tires. Check the recall first, then work through normal flat checks.
- Rad Power Bikes troubleshooting by symptomSafe, step by step checks for common Rad Power Bikes problems, from a bike that won't power on to error codes, cutting out, brakes and flats, with links to Rad's official guides.
- RadRunner dead controller or display: aftermarket replacement optionsReplacement paths for a failed controller or display on the RadRunner 1, 2 and Plus: Rad's own parts first, Rad's LCD display upgrade, an Area 13 harness, and what's outside this guide.
- Razor electric scooter troubleshooting: charging, reset button, brakes, Icon codes and recallSafe checks for Razor E100, E200, E300 and Icon electric scooters, from charge times, charger lights and the reset button to brake slack, tires, Icon E0 to E6 codes and the 2024 Icon recall.
- Ride1Up 500 Series and Core-5: error 25 at power on and no motor powerError 25 on a Ride1Up 500 Series or Core-5 is the brake cut-off sensor. Restart without touching the levers, then check for a bent lever or damaged sensor wire before replacing the lever or sensor.
- Ride1Up Core-5 and 500 Series (KD21C display): error codesThe codes Ride1Up lists for its KD21C display on the Core-5 and 500 Series: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 30, what each means and the first safe check.
- Ride1Up Core-5, 500 Series, 700 Series and LMT'D: error 21 or power cuts out on long climbsError 21 or a sudden cutout on a long Ride1Up climb is usually battery voltage sag or the controller protecting itself. Stop, wait 5 minutes, pedal more, and check the battery before suspecting hardware.
- Ride1Up Core-5, 500 Series, 700 Series and LMT'D: error 23 or 24 after a flat or rear wheel removalError 23 or 24 right after a flat fix or wheel removal on a Ride1Up hub motor bike almost always means the motor cable is loose, dirty or pinched. Reseat and route it before buying parts.
- Ride1Up Core-5, 500 Series, 700 Series and LMT'D: error 30 communication errorError 30 means the Ride1Up display isn't hearing from the controller. Reset the display and check the display cable and plug first, then the motor cable, and only then the display or controller.
- Ride1Up Core-5: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the Ride1Up Core-5 XR and ST: Kenda 27.5 x 2.2 tires, Tektro 160 mm mechanical brakes, KMC Z7 chain, Shengyi motor, Lishui controller, KD21C display and 48V battery, with Ride1Up's part pages.
- Ride1Up Core-5: powers on, wheel spins for a second, then stopsThe Core-5 display works but the motor runs for a second and quits. This points to the hall or phase circuit: check the 9-pin plug and motor cable first, then consider a stator, full wheel or controller.
- Ride1Up LMT'D and LMT'D V2: error codesThe codes Ride1Up lists for the LMT'D V1 and V2 display: 21 to 26 and 30, what each means and the first safe check.
- Ride1Up Portola 02: error codesThe codes Ride1Up lists for the Portola 02 display, 05 to 30, what each means and the first safe check.
- Ride1Up Portola and Cafe Cruiser: no throttle or pedal assist, display on and no errorIf a Ride1Up Portola or Cafe Cruiser powers on with no error but the motor won't respond, Ride1Up says a display setting may have turned off the throttle or pedal assist. A display reset fixes it.
- Ride1Up Revv 1: error codesThe codes Ride1Up lists for the Revv 1 display, from 4 to 39, what each means, the first safe check, and which ones mean a part needs replacing.
- Ride1Up troubleshooting: common problems, error codes and safe checksSafe checks for common Ride1Up e-bike problems, including charging trouble, voltage sag, brake sensor and motor cable errors, plus Ride1Up's error codes and when to get a pro.
- Ride1Up Vorsa, Portola 02 and Revv 1: error 08 or 09, motor hall or phase wire faultError 08 on a Ride1Up Vorsa, Portola 02 or Revv 1 means the motor's hall signal wire, and 09 a phase wire. Reseat and inspect the motor cable first, then consider a stator or full wheel.
- Ride1Up Vorsa, Portola, Revv 1, 700 Series and others: display on but no motor power, or power cuts in and outOn many Ride1Up models, a brake cut-off sensor that is out of adjustment or a lever that doesn't fully return leaves the display on but kills or interrupts motor power, often with error 25.
- Ride1Up Vorsa: error codesThe codes Ride1Up lists for the Vorsa display, 07 to 30, what each means and the first safe check. On the Vorsa, 25 is the torque sensor, not the brakes.
- Riese and Muller e-bike troubleshooting: manuals, dealer service and warrantyWhere Riese & Müller keeps its manuals and video guides, which supplier manuals cover your drive system, safe first checks, service intervals, warranty terms and the RX Connect app.
- Segway Ninebot E2 Pro: error 14, throttle fault, scooter won't accelerateError 14 on the Segway E2 Pro is a throttle Hall fault, usually a finger throttle that doesn't spring back at startup. Segway's fix is to free the throttle, loosen and retighten its screw if it sticks, then replace it.
- Segway Ninebot E2 Pro: error 15 at startup, brake lever sensor faultError 15 on the Segway E2 Pro is a brake lever Hall signal fault. Segway says it shows when the brake lever hasn't sprung fully back at startup. Free the lever and restart before replacing parts.
- Segway Ninebot E2 Pro: error 39, battery temperature abnormalError 39 on the Segway E2 Pro means the battery temperature is out of range. Segway says to bring the scooter into a normal temperature range, let it rest more than half an hour, and replace the battery only if it stays.
- Segway Ninebot E2 Pro: error 42, motor not calibratedError 42 on the Segway E2 Pro means the motor isn't calibrated. Segway's self-test manual gives a calibration you can do with the brake lever and power button. If it doesn't take, contact Segway after-sales.
- Segway Ninebot E2 Pro: error 51, controller overvoltage after chargingError 51 on the Segway E2 Pro is controller overvoltage, and Segway says the main cause is a charger not made for the scooter. Restart, switch to the correct Segway charger, and contact after-sales if it stays.
- Segway Ninebot E2 Pro: error codesThe fault codes in Segway's E2 Pro self-test manual, 10 to 54, with the beep pattern, what each means and the first safe step.
- Segway Ninebot Max G30P and G30LP: error 10 dashboard communication faultOn the Segway Ninebot Max G30, error 10 means the dashboard and controller have lost communication. Restart and update in the app; after that, the dashboard harness and then the dashboard itself are the usual fixes.
- Segway Ninebot Max G30P and G30LP: error 14 throttle fault, scooter won't accelerateOn the Segway Ninebot Max G30, error 14 is a throttle Hall sensor fault. Check that the throttle springs back and isn't blocked; if 14 stays, the fix is a new throttle, which Segway shows in an official video.
- Segway Ninebot Max G30P and G30LP: error 18 motor Hall sensor fault, motor won't driveOn the Segway Ninebot Max G30, error 18 is a motor Hall sensor fault. Reseat the motor connection first; after that the fix is a new motor wheel, a controller, or a Hall sensor repair inside the motor.
- Segway Ninebot Max G30P and G30LP: error 21 battery communication faultOn the Segway Ninebot Max G30, error 21 means the controller can't communicate with the battery's management system. Charge for several hours first; the rest is a shop job on the battery connector, battery or controller.
- Segway-Ninebot scooter troubleshooting: flats, error codes and common fixesSafe checks for Segway-Ninebot Max, F, E, P and ES kick scooters, from charging and error codes to tire changes, brakes and current recalls.
- Set up a KT or Bafang display within your e-bike classThe basic settings to check after fitting a KT or Bafang display: true wheel size, units, assist levels and a speed limit within your e-bike class, with battery protection left alone.
- Shimano STEPS and EP8, EP6, EP5 troubleshooting and error codesSafe checks for e-bikes with a Shimano STEPS or Shimano E-BIKE SYSTEMS drive, what W and E codes mean as Shimano states them, using E-TUBE PROJECT, and when to see a dealer.
- Specialized Turbo troubleshooting: Levo, Vado, Como and CreoSafe checks for Specialized Turbo e-bikes: TCU error codes, MasterMind messages, the app's Bike Status and Event Log, Range Extender errors, and when an Authorized Specialized Retailer is needed.
- Super73 MZFT: display shows two white lines and two green lines and seems frozenOn a Super73 MZFT, a display showing two white and two green horizontal lines and not responding is usually in Bluetooth mode, often from holding the down button at power on. Restart without touching the button.
- Super73 R, S and Z series: display on, but the motor won't run or cuts outOn Super73 R, S and Z series bikes, a brake motor cut-off sensor that is out of adjustment can stop the bike from running. Check connections and firmware, then adjust the sensor as Super73 describes, and confirm braking still cuts the motor.
- Super73 S2: front fork leaks oil, won't hold air or keeps bottoming outOn a Super73 S2, a fork that leaks oil, loses air or bottoms out often points to failed seals. Set pressure for your weight with a shock pump first; if it still fails, Super73 says the fix is a full fork replacement.
- Super73 troubleshooting: common problems and safe checksSafe checks for common Super73 problems, including power and connection issues, charger lights, motor cut off sensors, lights and noisy brakes, plus when to get a pro.
- Super73: charger light flashes red, or stays green and the battery won't fillOn a Super73, a flashing red charger light means a charger fault: stop using it. A light that stays green on the bike, or a battery that won't reach 100%, needs more checks. Some models switch back to red to top off, which is normal.
- Tern e-bike troubleshooting: GSD, HSD and other Bosch equipped TernsWhere Tern keeps the Bosch manuals for its e-bikes, safe first checks, and how Tern's warranty, Tern Care, 7-Year Support and dealer service work.
- TQ e-bike troubleshooting: HPR50, HPR60 and HPR120SSafe checks for TQ drives: what TQ's official HPR50 error code list says to do, overheating and speed sensor warnings, charger rules, app pairing and software updates, and when a TQ dealer is needed.
- Trek e-bike troubleshooting: common problems, safe checks and where to get helpSafe checks for common Trek e-bike problems, from charging trouble to Hyena error codes, plus where Trek keeps manuals, how warranty and dealer service work, and current recalls.
- Velotric Discover 1 and Nomad 1: error code 21 to 30 on the displayWhat error codes 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 30 mean on a Velotric Discover 1 or Nomad 1, the safe checks to try for each, and when to stop and contact Velotric, as the manual advises.
- Velotric Discover 1: parts and specsReplacement parts and specs for the original Velotric Discover 1: 26 x 2.5 tires, hydraulic brakes with 180 mm rotors, KMC Z7 chain, 7-speed freewheel, 48V 691.2 Wh battery and 54.6V 3A charger, from Velotric's manual.
- Velotric Discover 2, Nomad 2 and Nomad 2X: battery indicator lights flashingOn a Velotric Discover 2, Nomad 2 or Nomad 2X, flashing battery lights are an error code. The pattern tells you whether to check the bike or charger, warm the battery up, or stop using the battery.
- Velotric Discover and Nomad: display on, but the motor doesn't respondVelotric Discover 1, Discover 2, Nomad 1, Nomad 2 and Nomad 2X: the display lights up but throttle and pedal assist do nothing. Velotric's manuals list battery, brakes, throttle reset and loose plugs first, then motor, controller or PAS sensor.
- Velotric troubleshooting: common problems, error codes and safe checksSafe checks for common Velotric e-bike problems, from a blank display to charging and motor errors, plus Velotric's official error code meanings and when to get a pro.
- Xiaomi 4 Pro (2nd Gen) and Scooter 5: won't charge, or the thermometer icon is litXiaomi's FAQs for the 4 Pro (2nd Gen) and Scooter 5 name four causes when charging fails: a faulty adapter, battery temperature, cold protection below 2°C and an over-discharged battery. Here is how to tell them apart.
- Xiaomi electric scooter troubleshooting: flats, beep codes and common fixesSafe checks for Xiaomi Mi Electric Scooter, Pro 2, 3 and 4 series scooters, covering charging, throttle, brakes, tire pressure, official error codes and tire change videos.
- Xiaomi M365, 1S and Pro 2: won't charge, or the charger light stays green when plugged inXiaomi's FAQs for the Mi Electric Scooter, 1S, Pro and Pro 2 point to two causes when charging fails: a faulty charger or an over-discharged battery. The charger light tells you which one you're dealing with.
- Xiaomi M365, 1S, Pro 2 and Mi 3: error 10 or error 21 communication fault on the displayOn the Mi Electric Scooter, Xiaomi says error 10 is abnormal Bluetooth communication and error 21 is a battery communication fault, paired with a 6 km/h limit. Both go to after-sales, after a few safe checks.
- Xiaomi M365, 1S, Pro 2 and Mi 3: error 18, motor gives no power when you press the throttleXiaomi says error 18 on the Mi Electric Scooter points to a fault in the motor's Hall sensor system, with no motor output from the throttle. Check the cable and wheel, then plan on a motor or Hall repair.
- Xiaomi Pro 2, Mi 3 and 4 Pro: error 14 throttle fault, scooter won't accelerateOn the Xiaomi Pro 2, Mi Electric Scooter 3 and 4 Pro, error 14 (or one long and four short beeps) means the throttle should be replaced. Rule out low battery, the kick start speed and a jammed lever first.
- Yamaha e-bike troubleshooting: PW series drive units and displaysSafe checks for e-bikes with a Yamaha PW series drive, from weak assist and charging pauses to error indicators on Display A2, B, C and Interface X, plus when a dealer needs to read the fault.
How-to guides and checklists
- Adjust a rear derailleur: limit screws, indexing and the hanger checkStep-by-step rear derailleur setup for e-bikes with cable shifting: check the hanger, set the H and L limit screws, index with the barrel adjuster and set the B screw.
- Axle nut wrenchMany hub motor e-bikes hold the wheel with axle nuts instead of a quick release. You need a wrench of the size your maker states, and a torque wrench to refit them.
- Battery charge portThe charge port is where the charger plugs in. A loose, wet or burnt port is a pro repair, and a port on the battery pack goes to the maker or a battery pro.
- Battery mountThe battery mount, or tray, holds the battery on the frame and carries its power connection. Replace it only with the maker's part, with the battery removed.
- Bike degreaserBike degreaser strips old oil and grit from the chain and cogs. Finish Line Citrus Degreaser lists at $17.00 at REI and Park Tool CB-4 at $19.95 on Park Tool's store.
- Bike greaseBike grease protects threads and bearings from seizing and creaking. Park Tool's PPL-1 PolyLube 1000 4 oz tube lists at $10.95 on Park Tool's store.
- Bike repair standA repair stand holds the bike off the ground while you work. E-bikes are heavy, so check the stand's weight rating first.
- Bottom bracket toolA bottom bracket tool removes and fits threaded bottom brackets. Match it to your cups by notch count and size; Park Tool's BBT-69.4 lists at $29.95 at REI.
- Brake bleed kitA brake bleed kit lets you push fresh fluid through a hydraulic brake to remove air. It must match your brake's fluid type.
- Brake cableBrake cables and housing for mechanical brakes. Use brake-specific housing and the right cable end for your lever.
- Brake cutoff sensorThe brake cutoff sensor tells the controller you are braking so it cuts motor power. A stuck one can stop the motor. Replace it like for like and never bypass it.
- Brake leverBrake levers on e-bikes often include the motor cutoff switch. Replace a lever with one that fits your brake type and, where your bike has one, a matching cutoff sensor and plug.
- Brake pad spreaderA pad spreader pushes hydraulic brake pistons back into the caliper so new pads fit over the rotor.
- Brake rotorThe rotor is the metal disc your brake pads squeeze. Here's when to true it, when to replace it and what to match.
- Cable cuttersCable cutters cut brake and shift cables and housing cleanly without crushing them.
- CassetteThe cassette is the stack of rear cogs. It wears along with the chain and must match your drivetrain.
- Cassette lockring toolA cassette lockring tool removes and installs the ring that holds a cassette on the rear hub.
- ChainChains wear with use. Replacing one on time protects the cassette and chainring, and the right chain must match your drivetrain.
- Chain checkerA chain checker shows how far your chain has stretched so you can replace it before it wears out the cassette and chainring.
- Chain lubeChain lube keeps an e-bike chain quiet and slows wear. Pick dry lube for dusty rides and wet lube for rain; Finish Line's 4 oz bottles list at $12.00 at REI.
- Chain toolA chain tool pushes chain pins in and out so you can shorten, remove or install a chain.
- ChainringThe chainring is the toothed ring on the crank that drives the chain. A replacement must match your crank's mount, your drivetrain's speed count and, on a mid-drive, the motor.
- Check and adjust a loose headsetCheck a threadless headset for play and adjust it in the right order: loosen the stem, set the top cap, retighten the stem bolts to spec, per Park Tool.
- Check chain wear and replace an e-bike chainMeasure chain wear with a checker or ruler, know the replacement limits, then size, fit and join a new chain with a quick link, per Park Tool and Shimano.
- Check cranks and the bottom bracketTrack down crank creaks and play: square taper vs splined cranks, pedal, crank and chainring bolt checks, and why a mid-drive motor's crank area is a shop job.
- Check spokes and wheel true on an e-bikeHow to find loose or broken spokes, check a wheel for wobble and hop, and make a small truing correction, with when a hub motor wheel needs a shop, based on Park Tool and Magnum guidance.
- Check the bolts on your e-bikeA monthly bolt check for e-bikes: stem, bars, seatpost, axle nuts, brakes, cranks, rack and fenders, with real torque examples from Rad's manual and Park Tool's chart.
- Check wheel bearings and hub playA quick side play and spin check for e-bike wheel bearings, what the result means for cup and cone, cartridge and hub motor wheels, and why motor bearings are a pro job.
- Clean and lube an e-bike chain, step by stepHow to clean, dry and lubricate an e-bike chain without getting water into the motor or lube on the brakes, based on Park Tool and Bosch guidance.
- Cleaning brushesA few bike brushes make washing and drivetrain cleaning faster and gentler. Park Tool's four piece BCB-4.2 set lists at $25.95 on Park Tool's store.
- Crank pullerA crank puller removes crank arms from the spindle. Pick one for your crank bolt size; Park Tool's CCP-22 fits square taper, PowerSpline and Bosch BNI cranks.
- Dead or discontinued e-bike display: picking a compatible replacementHow to choose a replacement display for a hub motor e-bike when the original is dead or discontinued: protocol, plug and pin count, voltage, mount, and the settings to check afterwards.
- Derailleur hangerThe derailleur hanger is a small replaceable part that bends in a crash to protect the frame and derailleur.
- Disc brake caliperThe caliper holds the brake pads and squeezes them onto the rotor. Match the brake type, mount and pads, and align it carefully so it doesn't rub.
- Disc brake padsDisc brake pads wear with use and can be ruined by oil. Here's when to replace them and how to pick the right ones.
- E-bike batteryReplace an e-bike or scooter battery only with the maker's pack or a certified replacement it approves. Never use rebuilt packs, and recycle old ones properly.
- E-bike battery care: charging, storage and when to replace itHow to charge, store and check an e-bike battery so it lasts longer and stays safe, plus what to do with one that's worn out or damaged.
- E-bike battery rebuilders and replacement pack buildersWhen a rebuilt or third-party battery makes sense versus a maker replacement, what to ask a builder, and a neutral list of builders that state they use new name-brand cells.
- E-bike brakes: signs of wear and how to replace disc brake padsE-bikes are heavier and faster than regular bikes, so brakes need regular checks. How to tell when pads, rotors or fluid need attention, and how to swap disc pads.
- E-bike chargerUse only the charger that came with your e-bike or scooter, or one its maker approves. Here's why, and how to charge safely.
- E-bike connectorsConnectors join the battery, controller, motor and sensors. Most faults are dirt, water or a loose plug. Replace cables with ones made for your system, never by splicing.
- E-bike controllerThe controller is the electronics box that runs the motor. Replace it only with the part matched to your bike and display, plugged in at its connectors, or have a pro do it.
- E-bike displayThe display shows speed, battery and assist level and often works as the power switch. A replacement must match your model and your controller's protocol.
- E-bike lightsMany e-bike lights run off the main battery through a cable. Buy the light made for your model, or one rated for your system's voltage with a matching plug.
- E-bike maintenance scheduleWhat to check on an e-bike before every ride, weekly, monthly, each season and once a year, drawn from Shimano, Bosch and Rad Power Bikes, with a guide for each job.
- E-bike repair: what you can do yourself and when to call a proWhich e-bike jobs are safe at home and which need a trained tech. A plain list, so you can fix what's easy and know when to stop.
- Electric scooter maintenance checklistA simple routine for e-scooters: tires, brakes, the folding latch, bolts and water. What to check each ride, weekly and monthly, and what to leave to a pro.
- Fix a flat on a rear hub motor wheel, step by stepHow to take out a hub motor rear wheel, fix the flat and refit it with the motor cable, torque arm and axle nuts done right, based on Rad Power Bikes, Ride1Up, Himiway and Park Tool guidance.
- Fixing a flat on an e-bike, step by step, and how to get fewer of themFlats on e-bikes are harder than on regular bikes because of hub motors and heavier tires. Step-by-step repair for front and rear hub-motor wheels, plus prevention.
- Floor pump with gaugeA floor pump with a gauge lets you set tire pressure to the range printed on your tire.
- FreewheelA freewheel is a cluster of rear cogs that threads onto the hub, common on hub motor e-bikes. Removal needs a tool that matches its spline pattern.
- GripsGrips are the handlebar covers you hold. On e-bikes, check the space beside a twist throttle or shifter, since that side may need a shorter grip.
- Hex keysWhat hex keys are, which ones an e-bike or scooter owner needs, and how to use them without damaging bolts.
- How to adjust mechanical disc brakesSet cable tension, center the caliper and set pad clearance on cable-pulled disc brakes, following Park Tool's method for the common caliper types.
- How to bed in new disc brake pads and rotorsBed in new disc brake pads or rotors before your first ride, following SRAM's published stop sequence, and what to do if the brakes stay noisy.
- How to check and align your e-bike speed sensor magnetIf your speed reads zero, assist cuts out or you get a speed sensor error, check that the wheel magnet passes the sensor at the gap your maker gives. Here is how, and when to hand it to a dealer.
- How to check and replace disc brake padsCheck disc brake pad wear against Park Tool, Shimano and SRAM limits, then remove and fit new pads on hydraulic or cable disc calipers.
- How to check your brake cut-off switches and throttle before you rideA quick pre-ride test that the brake levers cut motor power and the throttle springs back. It is about confirming these safety features work, and getting them fixed if they don't.
- How to check your e-bike or e-scooter chargerMake sure you have the right charger, read its lights the way your maker documents them, spot cord and plug damage, and charge in a safe place. Never open a charger.
- How to clean, check and true disc brake rotorsSpot a contaminated, worn or bent rotor, clean it with what Shimano and SRAM recommend, check the wear limit and straighten light bends with a truing fork.
- How to inspect and clean e-bike and e-scooter connectorsA careful, one plug at a time check of the external connectors on your e-bike or e-scooter: what to look for, how to dry and reseat them, and when to stop and get a pro.
- How to store your e-bike or e-scooter battery for winterLeave the battery partly charged, keep it indoors in a cool, dry, safe spot, and check it during storage. Here is what Bosch, Shimano, Rad, Yamaha, Segway and fire safety groups say.
- How to update your e-bike or e-scooter firmware the official wayUse your maker's own app or your dealer to check for and install firmware updates. Here is how Bosch, Shimano, Segway and Xiaomi do it, and why to skip third-party firmware and speed tools.
- Hub motorA hub motor drives the wheel from its center. Replace it as a complete wheel or motor matched to your exact model and version, and leave work inside the motor to a pro.
- Hub motor e-bike dead controller: matching a universal KT style replacementHow to tell whether a universal KT or similar controller can replace a dead one on a hub motor e-bike: voltage, current, phase and hall plugs, connectors, display protocol, throttle and brake sensors.
- Inner tubeAn inner tube holds air inside a tube-type tire. Match its size and valve to your wheel.
- Install tire linersFit a puncture protection liner such as Tannus Armour inside an e-bike tire: liner around the tube, check for pinching, and run a little below max pressure as Rad advises.
- Motor cable and hall sensorsHall sensors tell the controller where the motor's rotor is, and the motor cable carries their signals and the motor's power. Diagnosis and replacement are pro jobs.
- MultimeterA multimeter reads voltage and other electrical values. On Pedalwise it's only for a charger check your maker's guide describes, and never for battery packs.
- Pedal assist sensorThe pedal assist sensor tells the controller you are pedaling, or how hard. Replacements are system specific, since pedal sensor signals are not standardized.
- Pedal wrenchA pedal wrench is a long, thin 15 mm wrench for pedal flats. Park Tool's PW-5 lists at $27.95 on Park Tool's own store.
- PedalsPedals thread into the cranks, and the left pedal has a reverse thread. Match the thread size, grease the threads and use a proper pedal wrench or hex key.
- Rear derailleurThe rear derailleur moves the chain across the rear cogs. A replacement must match your speed count, gear range and how it mounts to the frame.
- Repair or replace your e-bike? How to decideWhen an e-bike or scooter breaks, repair is often cheaper than replacing it, and it keeps a working machine out of the landfill. How to weigh it up.
- Replace a shifter cableReplace the inner shift cable on flat bar trigger shifters, check the housing, clamp, trim and cap the cable, then index the gears, following Park Tool's method.
- Replace bike pedals, step by stepHow to remove and fit bike pedals on an e-bike: the left pedal is reverse threaded, grease the threads and tighten to the maker's torque, based on Park Tool and Rad Power Bikes.
- Replace handlebar gripsSwap lock-on or slip-on grips on an e-bike without disturbing the throttle or its wires, using Park Tool and Rad Power Bikes methods.
- SaddleThe saddle is the seat. Pick one by width and riding position, check it fits your e-bike's seatpost, and set its height and tilt after fitting.
- Set saddle height and positionSet your e-bike saddle height with the heel method, set setback and tilt, respect the minimum insertion mark and tighten the clamp to spec, per Park Tool, Giant and Rad.
- Set up tubeless tires and keep the sealant freshHow to tape a rim, mount a tubeless tire, add sealant, keep it topped up and fix a puncture with a plug, based on Park Tool, Schwalbe and Stan's NoTubes guidance.
- Set your e-bike tire pressure, step by stepHow to find the right tire pressure for your e-bike from the sidewall, your rim, load and terrain, and how to check it with a gauge, based on Schwalbe, Bosch, Canyon and Lectric advice.
- Shifter cableThe shifter cable links the shifter to the derailleur. Use shift cable and shift housing, not brake parts, and expect to adjust shifting after a swap.
- Speed sensorThe speed sensor reads a magnet on the wheel so the controller knows your speed. Most problems are the magnet or gap; a replacement must be made for your system.
- Spoke wrenchA spoke wrench turns spoke nipples to true a wheel or adjust spoke tension.
- SpokesSpokes join the hub to the rim and carry your weight and, on a hub motor wheel, the motor's torque. Replacements must match your wheel's gauge, length and nipples.
- ThreadlockerThreadlocker is a liquid that keeps bolts from shaking loose. Use medium strength blue where a part must come apart again; Park Tool's 10 ml bottle lists at $19.95.
- ThrottleThe throttle gives motor power without pedaling. Replace it with the type and plug made for your bike's system, and check brake sensors and plugs before you blame it.
- TireHow to tell when a tire needs replacing and what to match when you buy a new one.
- Tire leversTire levers help lift a tire bead off the rim without damaging the tire or tube.
- Tire linerA tire liner is a puncture-resistant strip between the tire and tube. Liners are sized by wheel diameter and tire width, so match yours before you buy.
- Tire pressure gaugeA tire pressure gauge reads the air in your tires so you can set them to the maker's number. Pick one that fits your valve type.
- Torque armA torque arm braces a hub motor's axle so it can't spin in the dropouts. It matters most on powerful motors, aluminum dropouts and bikes with regen braking.
- Torque wrenchA torque wrench lets you tighten bolts to the value the maker specifies, so parts neither loosen nor get damaged.
- Torx keysTorx keys fit the star shaped bolts on rotors, brakes, stems and some seat clamps. Park Tool's TWS-2 fold-up set lists at $29.95 on Park Tool's store.
- Tubeless sealantTubeless sealant is the liquid inside a tubeless tire that seals small punctures. Use the amount on the tire's label.
- Universal throttle and pedal assist sensor replacements: what has to matchReplacing a thumb or twist throttle or a PAS sensor with a universal or aftermarket part: signal, plug and magnet count, class rules, and examples from parts specialists.
- Wash an e-bike safelyHow to wash an e-bike without harming the motor, battery contacts or display: battery out, no pressure washer, gentle soap, dry well and re-lube the chain, per Bosch and Rad.
- When and how to bleed hydraulic disc brakesWhen a hydraulic brake needs a bleed, why mineral oil and DOT fluid never mix, the general bleed flow from Shimano and SRAM, and where to find your brake's official procedure.
- Where to buy e-bike repair partsWhere to find e-bike repair parts: the maker's own parts store first, then independent e-bike parts specialists for controllers, displays, sensors and more.
- Zip tiesZip ties hold e-bike cables clear of moving parts. Keep spares and flush-cutting side cutters on hand, since most electrical part swaps end with new ties.
Need a pro?
If these steps didn't fix it, find a shop near you in our partner network of shops that work on electric rides.